Ultra high vacuum of 3.5×10^-3 Pa was designed for HIRFL-CSR vacuum system which is the highest vacuum degree in large vacuum system in China. Thcre arc many effective reasons for vacuum, besides meeting the requirement for physics design, the material selection of vacuum components; measurement of reducing the out-gassing rate of the materials surface; seal structure of flanges and seal material selection; vacuum cleaning; vacuum degassing; vacuum baking-out etc and the rationality of vacuum components structurc are also very important.