To examine the expression of lactoferrin(Lf) in both the expressed prostatic secretion(EPS)of BPHpatients,normal males and the secretion of prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145.The potential correlation of Lf with prostaticcarcinogenesis was also investigated.Methods:Forty EPS samples obtained from 20 BPH patients and 20 normal males as well as thesecretions of prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145 were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).Massspectrometry was performed to confirm the nature of the expressed proteins in EPS and prostatic cancer secretion. Results:Based on theresulting electrophoretograms and the followed mass spectrometry analysis,several differentially expressed proteins were detected andthe up-regulation of Lf (MW 35KDa,pI 7-7.5)in BPH-EPS,compared with BPH-free EPS,was also observed. More importantly, Lf wasabsent in prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145.Conclusion:The results indicate Lf may be produced specifically by benignprostatic epithelium and prostate lost its Lf secretion during the process of carcinogenesis.