A novel adaptive PID buffer control model for better service roundtrip time for applications over the InteTnet;A Novel Composite Scheduling Algorithm for OBS Switch with Shared Optical Buffer;A novel rate predictor based on quantized DCT indices and its rate control mechanism;A Novel Traffic Dispatch Algorithm for the ParallelPacket Switch;A Novel Voltage Clamped Snubber Circuit Topology Suitable for Multilevel Inverter with Its Lowered Power Loss Performances……