Background: The present study was to explore the underlying mechanism of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods: Rats were given with high fat diet and vitamin D3 by intragastric administration. After four weeks, the level of the plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), MCP-1 and NF-κB were detected by immunohistochemical method and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The levels of the plasma cholesterol and LDLC were higher than that of the control group. A significant in-crease for the expressions of MCP-1 and NF-κB was observed. Conclusion: This indi-cated that the activation of NF-κB could play a crucial role in glomerulus of hyperlipidemia rats.