The 18 samples representing 18 populations of Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) O. Ktze in Fujian Province of China were analyzed with RAPD markers. Eleven primers were used, a total of 106 bands were scored and 88 of them were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 77.36%, Nei’s gene diversity was 0.2420, and Shannon’s index was 0.3700. The 18 populations were classified into 2 groups based on the RAPD data by the method of hierarchical cluster analysis. Most of the populations from Fujian were clustered into a group, other populations were clustered into the other group. There was a high level of genetic diversity among the populations, and the genetic differentiation was obvious among the populations from Fujian.