屏蔽并且通过 X 光检查和超声的骨质疏松症的早诊断基于技术

• 作者: Ernesto Casciaro Eugenio Quarta Francesco Conversano Marco Di Paola Maria Daniela Renna Maurizio Muratore Paola Pisani Sergio Casciaro
• 来源期刊: 世界放射学杂志：英文版（电子版）
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: Diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS Screening techniques X-ray based methods Quantitative ULTRASOUND PERIPHERAL SITES BONE MINERAL density
• 年，卷（期）: 2013,（11）
• 页码范围: 398-410
• 页数: 13页
• 分类号: R445.1

摘要

Effective prevention and management of osteoporosis would require suitable methods for population screenings and early diagnosis. Current clinicallyavailable diagnostic methods are mainly based on the use of either X-rays or ultrasound(US). All X-ray based methods provide a measure of bone mineral density(BMD), but it has been demonstrated that other structural aspects of the bone are important in determining fracture risk, such as mechanical features and elastic properties, which cannot be assessed using densitometric techniques. Among the most commonly used techniques, dual X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) is considered the current 'gold standard' for osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture risk prediction. Unfortunately, as other X-ray based techniques, DXA has specific limitations(e.g., use of ionizing radiation, large size of the equipment, high costs, limited availability) that hinder its application for population screenings and primary care diagnosis. This has resulted in an increasing interest in developing reliable pre-screening tools for osteoporosis such as quantitative ultrasound(QUS) scanners, which do not involve ionizing radiation exposure and represent a cheaper solution exploiting portable and widely available devices. Furthermore, the usefulness of QUS techniques in fracture risk prediction has been proven and, with the last developments, they are also becoming a more and more reliable approach for assessing bone quality. However, the US assessment of osteoporosis is currently used only as a pre-screening tool, requiring a subsequent diagnosis confirmation by means of a DXA evaluation. Here we illustrate the state of art in the early diagnosis of this 'silent disease' and show up recent advances for its prevention and improved management through early diagnosis.