With the global concern about the safety of the environment and the increasing demands for carbon reduction,European countries have proposed to levy a carbon tax to reduce global carbon emissions. In the process of global trade,depending on advanced technology on carbon emissions,European and American countries raise the production cost of their competitors through a carbon tax to gain competitive advantage. The West’s carbon tax will inevitably have serious implications for the export trade of China as a trading nation. As the central region,Hubei Province’s export trade will also be affected. This paper first reviewed the background of carbon tariffs on the international market,then analyzed the impact of a carbon tax on exports of Hubei Province,and proposed relevant policies and countermeasures against trade barriers on a carbon tax at last.