Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a major cause of morbidity,death and cost in intensive care units.Despite intensive research,pharmacotherapy has not passed the experimental stage and mortality rates are still high.Animal models provide a bridge between patients and the laboratory bench.Different animal models have been developed in order to mimic human ARDS,but they have limitations.The purpose of this review was to summarize the properties of the most commonly used experimental animal models mimicking the causes and pathology of human ARDS,the limitations of ARDS models,treatment failure and new therapeutic approaches.