Molecular approach to genetic and epigenetic pathogenesisof early-onset colorectal cancer

• 来源期刊: 世界胃肠肿瘤学杂志：英文版（电子版）
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: EARLY-ONSET COLORECTAL cancer Epigeneticmechanism GENETIC mechanism Clinical OUTCOME
• 年，卷（期）: 2016,（1）
• 页码范围: 83-98
• 页数: 16页
• 分类号: R

摘要

Colorectal cancer （CRC） is the third most frequent cancertype and the incidence of this disease is increasinggradually per year in individuals younger than 50 yearsold. The current knowledge is that early-onset CRC（EOCRC） cases are heterogeneous population thatincludes both hereditary and sporadic forms of theCRC. Although EOCRC cases have some distinguishingclinical and pathological features than elder age CRC,the molecular mechanism underlying the EOCRC ispoorly clarified. Given the significance of CRC in theworld of medicine, the present review will focus on therecent knowledge in the molecular basis of genetic andepigenetic mechanism of the hereditary forms of EOCRC,which includes Lynch syndrome, Familial CRC type X,Familial adenomatous polyposis, MutYH-associatedpolyposis, Juvenile polyposis syndrome, Peutz-JeghersSyndrome and sporadic forms of EOCRC. Recent findingsabout molecular genetics and epigenetic basis of EOCRCgave rise to new alternative therapy protocols. Althoughexact diagnosis of these cases still remains complicated,the present review paves way for better predictions andcontributes to more accurate diagnostic and therapeuticstrategies into clinical approach.