目的:分析液体正平衡和体液长时间超负荷对脓毒血症患者预后的影响。方法收集2015年1—12月上海市普陀区利群医院急诊医学科EICU收治的符合纳入标准的脓毒血症患者92例,根据28天存活情况分为死亡组(34例)与存活组(58例),统计分析2组患者治疗期间连续5天的液体出入量、平衡量以及累计液体总量,分析液体平衡与患者预后的关系。结果与存活组比较,死亡组SOFA评分、乳酸均相对更高,而清蛋白相对偏低(P均<0?.05);脓毒症休克患者、肠道患者以及合并有肿瘤、肝硬化的脓毒症患者比例差异都具有统计学意义( P <0.05)。与存活组比较,死亡组患者每天平均液体摄入量较多( t 1d=-0.191, P 1d =0.849;t 2d =-0.327, P 2d =0.745;t3d =-4.490, P 3d =0.000;t 4d =-3.468, P 4d =0.001;t 5d =-2.820, P 5d =0.006),而出量少( t 1d=1.414, P1d =0.161;t 2d =0.694, P 2d =0.490;t 3d =3.617, P 3d =0.010;t 4d =6.282, P 4d=0.000;t 5d=6.819, P 5d=0.000);死亡组与存活组相比较,日均液体平衡量有统计学差异( t 1d =-0.857, P 1d =0.394;t 2d=-0.893, P 2d =0.337;t3d =-7.841, P 3d =0.000;t 4d =-12.023, P 4d =0.000;t 5d =-10.195, P 5d=0.000)累计液体总量亦有统计学差异(t1d =-0.857, P 1d =0.394;t (1+2)d =-1.275,P(1+2)d =0.206;t (1+2+3)d =-3.735, P (1+2+3)d =0.000;t (1+2+3+4)d =-6.545, P (1+2+3+4)d =0.000;t (1+2+3+4+5)d =-9.384、P (1+2+3+4+5)d =0.000)持续的液体日均正平衡与病死率相关(χ22d =0.359, P 2d=0.549;χ23d =9.816, P 3d =0.020;χ24d=54.314, P 4d =0.000;χ25d =38.875, P 5d=0.000);而Logistic回归分析中,脓毒症患者入院治疗第4天出现负平衡将提示患者预后较好( P <0.05)。结论持久的日均体液正平衡与脓毒症患者病死率高度相关。