Female gonadal hormone effects on microglial activation and functional outcomes in a mouse model of moderate traumatic brain injury

• 作者: Afoma Umeano Beilei Lei Dawn Kernagis Haichen Wang Hana Dawson Michael L James Odera Umeano
• 来源期刊: 世界重症医学杂志
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: TRAUMATIC brain injury MICROGLIA Functional recovery Inflammation SEX
• 年，卷（期）: 2017,（2）
• 页码范围: 107-115
• 页数: 9页
• 分类号: R

摘要

AIM To address the hypothesis that young,gonad-intact female mice have improved long-term recovery associated with decreased neuroinflammation compared to male mice.METHODS Eight to ten week-old male,female,and ovariectomized(OVX)mice underwent closed cranial impact.Gonadintact female mice were injured only in estrus state.After injury,between group differences were assessed using complementary immunohistochemical staining for microglial cells at 1 h,mRNA polymerase chain reaction for inflammatory markers at 1 h after injury,Rotarod over days 1-7,and water maze on days 28-31 after injury.RESULTS Male mice had a greater area of injury(P=0.0063),F4/80-positive cells(P=0.032),and up regulation of inflammatory genes compared to female mice.Male and OVX mice had higher mortality after injury when compared to female mice(P=0.043).No group differences were demonstrated in Rotarod latencies(P=0.62).OVX mice demonstrated decreased water maze latencies compared to other groups(P=0.049).CONCLUSION Differences in mortality,long-term neurological recovery,and markers of neuroinflammation exist between female and male mice after moderate traumatic brain injury(MTBI).Unexpectedly,OVX mice have decreased long term neurological function after MTBI when compared to gonad intact male and female mice.As such,it can be concluded that the presence of female gonadal hormones may influence behavioural outcomes after MTBI,though mechanisms involved are unclear.