Abnormal DNA methylation as a cell-free circulating DNA biomarker for colorectal cancer detection:A review of literature

• 作者: Michail Galanopoulos Nikolaos Tsoukalas Ioannis S Papanikolaou Maria Tolia Maria Gazouli Gerassimos J Mantzaris
• 来源期刊: 世界胃肠肿瘤学杂志：英文版（电子版）
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: Colorectal 癌症早察觉 屏蔽的 Colorectal 癌症 传播免费 DNA Colorectal 癌症基于血的 biomarkers DNA methylation 血 biomarkers
• 年，卷（期）: 2017,（4）
• 页码范围: 142-152
• 页数: 11页
• 分类号: R735.34

摘要

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. CRC-associated morbidity and mortality is continuously increasing, in part due to a lack of early detection. The existing screening tools such as colonoscopy, are invasive and yet high cost, affecting the willingness of patients to participate in screening programs. In recent years, evidence is accumulating that the interaction of aberrant genetic and epigenetic modifications is the cornerstone for the CRC development and progression by alternating the function of tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes and oncogenes of colonic cells. Apart from the understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis, the aforementioned interaction has also allowed identification of clinical biomarkers, especially epigenetic, for the early detection and prognosis of cancer patients. One of the ways to detect these epigenetic biomarkers is the cell-free circulating DNA(circ DNA), a blood-based cancer diagnostic test, mainly focusing in the molecular alterations found in tumor cells, such as DNA mutations and DNA methylation.In this brief review, we epitomize the current knowledge on the research in circ DNA biomarkers-mainly focusing on DNA methylation-as potential blood-based tests for early detection of colorectal cancer and the challenges for validation and globally implementation of this emergent technology.