Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor with morbidity and mortality worldwide. The early diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for the treatment and prognosis of patients. Therefore, this is one of the main challenges in the field of lung cancer. The occurrence of lung cancer is a multi-gene and multi-factor involved in complex processes. In recent years, research on lung cancer-related biomarkers has become a hot spot in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Serum biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells, ctDNA, ctRNA, and lung cancer autoantibodies have been discovered one after another with the rapid development of detection technology. This article summarizes the research progress of related tumor markers for early diagnosis of lung cancer.