Two Divergent Cases of Protracted Humanitarian Aid Operations:The World Bank and UNRWA(1949-2017)

• 作者: Nitza Nachmias
• 来源期刊: 文化与宗教研究:英文版
• 学科: 社会科学
• 关键词: UNRWA(United Nations Relief and WORK Agency for the PALESTINIAN Refugees) WORK Bank HUMANITARIAN Assistance REFUGEE REFUGEE ID card RESETTLEMENT
• 年，卷（期）: 2019,（5）
• 页码范围: 227-250
• 页数: 24页
• 分类号: C

摘要

The refugee convention of 1951^1 defined a refugee as“someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to the well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race,religion,nationality membership in particular social group,or political opinion.”The convention also lays down basic minimum standards for the treatment of refugees,without prejudice to States granting more favorable treatment to refugees.Such rights include access to courts,to primary education,to work,and the provision for documentation,including refugee travel documents in passport forms”.None of these conditions have been applied to the Palestinian refugees.Following Israel’s war of independence in 1948-49,about 800,000 Palestinians became refugees mainly in Jordan,Syria,Lebanon,and Egypt,where their descendants still live.UNRWA was created in 1949 as a“fire extinguisher”to provide the refugees in these four States with short-term survival assistance.UNRWA’s original mandate was for three years,assuming that the refugees will soon be absorbed by the countries of their refuge.This hope never materialized,and almost 70 years later,the third and fourth generation of Palestinians are still being considered by UNRWA as“refugees”.Our research shows that flows in UNRWA’s working principles have resulted in the prolonging of the problem,and the hindering of its resolution.A comparison with the World Bank’s assistance programs proves that UNRWA’s programs are clearly part of the problem and not part of the solution.