Risk Transfer for Populations in Precarious Urban Environments

• 作者: Juan Pablo Sarmiento Ana María Torres-Mu?oz
• 来源期刊: 国际灾害风险科学学报（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2020,（1）
• 所属期刊栏目: ARTICLES
• 页码范围: 74-86
• 页数: 13页
• 语种: 英文

摘要

This study explores risk transfer options that precarious and marginal urban communities could use to protect themselves from future damages and losses gener-ated by socio-natural hazards and disasters at the individual and community levels.The design is framed within an evidence-based disaster risk reduction(DRR)strategy and follows the case study research approach.We analyze the 2018 Neighborhood Approach for DRR programming evaluation carried out in four Latin American cities'informal settlements and review relevant risk transfer experiences aimed at vulnerable populations.We calculate the pure risk premium for the four cases selected,using a previous catastrophe risk assessment for earthquakes and landslides.We propose three risk transfer options based on our analysis:(1)voluntary collective insurance;(2)struc-tural reinforcement with a comprehensive housing insur-ance;and(3)hybrid parametric insurance.Risk transfer mechanisms conventionally focus on residual risk man-agement.Here,due to the precariousness of the analyzed urban settings,the proposed alternatives go beyond the management of just residual risk to positively impact the beneficiaries'quality of life and the reduction of the built environment's physical vulnerability in the short and medium terms.Our study proposes a prospective estima-tion of future risk despite the limitations of data avail-ability.This study opens a window to new approaches and proposes a systematic process to design DRR policy aimed at the poor and vulnerable strata of society.