Supplementation with L-Carnitine Rescues Sperm Epigenetic Changes in Asthenospermic Male Semen with Altered Acetyl-L-Carnitine Levels

• 作者: Gu Pei-Fei Jiang Chuan Jiang Xiao-Hui Li Fu-Ping Li Xiao-Liang Xu Wen-Ming Yu Lin Zuo Tao
• 来源期刊: 生殖与发育医学（英文）
• 关键词: Acetyl-L-Carnitine Asthenospermia Epigenetic Sperm DNA Damage
• 年，卷（期）: 2020,（3）
• 所属期刊栏目: Original Article
• 页码范围: 146-155
• 页数: 10页
• 语种: 中文
• DOI: 10.4103/2096-2924.294314

摘要

Objective::To investigate the relationship between the concentration of L-carnitine in semen and sperm parameters and investigate the epigenetic profile in sperm cell after L-carnitine usage.Methods::From February 2017 to February 2018, 46 semen samples from asthenospermic males and 41 semen samples from healthy donors were acquired. Motility parameters were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA, n = 78) and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was evaluated through flow cytometry ( n = 86), %DFI = % cells outside main population. Other oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels ( n = 86) and the mitochondria DNA copy numbers, were detected ( n = 78). The concentration of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine was detected ( n = 82), and methylation was analyzed ( n = 30). After that, we collected 13 fresh semen samples from asthenospermic males and 23 fresh semen samples from healthy donors. These samples were used in a freeze-thaw model that was used to determine whether adding L-carnitine could change sperm progressive motility ( n = 23), apoptosis index ( n = 9), and methylation analysis ( n = 7). In total, we have done 13 asthenospermia samples for Western blot, and except for the poor Western result, we analyzed 6 samples for H3K9ac detection, 7 samples for H3K9m3 and H3K27m3 detection, and immunofluorescence ( n = 3). Finally, we had recruited 30 volunteers, and they were given oral administration of L-carnitine for 3 months and then collected semen samples at different time points for methylation analysis. Results::The concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine is negatively correlated with the %DFI value ( r2 = 0.1090; P = 0.0026), and the concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine is positively correlated with sperm forward motility ( r2 = 0.0543; P = 0.0458) and ROS ( r2 = 0.1854; P < 0.0001), and the acetyl-L-carnitine level is negatively correlated with %DFI in asthenospermia ( r2 = 0.1701; P = 0.0066), and the level of acetyl-L-carnitine in asthenospermic semen is significantly lower than the normal group ( P = 0.0419). In addition, this study indicates that adding L-carnitine significantly improved sperm motility ( P = 0.0325) and reduced sperm apoptosis ( P = 0.0032). Importantly, Western blotting ( P = 0.0429) and immunofluorescence staining results showed that the addition of L-carnitine reduced H3K9Me3 methylation level in sperm, respectively. Furthermore, semen samples from asthenospermic patients had reduced methylation levels in a specific region (16 thP= 0.0003; 17 thP= 0.0016) of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) promoter. The 16 th methylation decreased with age ( r2 = 0.1564; P = 0.0306), and the 17 th methylation was decreased after treatment with L-carnitine for 28 days ( P = 0.0341). Conclusion::L-carnitine can reduce the %DFI and also affect the methylation of the histone modification marker in sperm as a possible epigenetic regulator.