Smart Boilers: Grid Support Services from Non-Critical Loads

• 作者: Konstantinos G. Georgakas Panagis N. Vovos
• 来源期刊: 电力能源(英文)
• 学科: 工学
• 关键词: Electrical Grid Improvement High Harmonics Minimization Smart Boilers Smart Power Grids Active Power Control Reactive Power Compensation
• 年，卷（期）: 2020,（12）
• 页码范围: 23-45
• 页数: 23页
• 分类号: TK2

摘要

The aim of this paper is to present the concept of a simple and cheap upgrade for electric water boilers, allowing them to provide power quality services to the distribution grid. The upgrade requires only minimum additional hardware and it is easily installable. “Smart Boilers”, as the upgraded boilers are named, perform precise active and reactive power control, but most significantly mitigate line current harmonics. Αctive and reactive power control is implemented by appropriate regulation of the modulation sinewave amplitude and phase, respectively. This type of control is easily customizable in order to accommodate a variety of power quality targets, depending on the required level of services and available grid monitoring equipment. The method used for line current harmonic compensation is based on the injection of mirror harmonics created at the modulation stage of the converter. It is indifferent of harmonic source: it is equally successful at mitigating harmonics caused by the power electronic converter of the Smart Boiler, other sources of current harmonics or loads. The achieved grid services are clearly beyond the “on/off” operation of electric boilers, currently implemented by Demand Side Management (DSM) in order to shift load away from peak hours. It has been demonstrated through simulations, that Smart Boilers can assist voltage regulation at terminal buses, compensate reactive power and suppress harmonic currents at lines.