The Quantum Mechanics <i>Needs</i>the Principle of Wave-Function Collapse—But This Principle Shouldn’t Be <i>Misunderstood</i>

• 作者: Sofia D. Wechsler
• 来源期刊: 量子信息科学期刊(英文)
• 学科: 物理学
• 关键词: Quantum Mechanics Wave-Function Collapse INTERPRETATIONS Elements of Reality
• 年，卷（期）: 2021,（1）
• 页码范围: 42-63
• 页数: 22页
• 分类号: O41

摘要

The postulate of the collapse of the wave-function stands between the microscopic, quantum world, and the macroscopic world. Because of this intermediate position, the collapse process cannot be examined with the formalism of the quantum mechanics (QM), neither with that of classical mechanics. This fact makes some physicists propose interpretations of QM, which avoid this postulate. However, the common procedure used in that is making assumptions incompatible with the QM formalism. The present work discusses the most popular interpretations. It is shown that because of such assumptions those interpretations fail, <em>i.e.</em> predict for some experiments results which differ from the QM predictions. Despite that, special attention is called to a proposal of S. Gao, the only one which addresses and tries to solve an obvious and major contradiction. A couple of theorems are proved for showing that the collapse postulate is necessary in the QM. Although non-explainable with the quantum formalism, this postulate cannot be denied, otherwise one comes to conclusions which disagree with the QM. It is also proved here that the idea of “collapse at a distance” is problematic especially in relativistic cases, and is a misunderstanding. Namely, in an entanglement of two quantum systems, assuming that the measurement of one of the systems (accompanied by collapse of that system on one of its states) collapses the other systems, too without the second system being measured, which leads to a contradiction.