The year 2020 witnessed a global economic recession resulting from COVID-19,and international oil prices turned negative for the first time.The Top 5 international oil companies across the world all announced losses,with an average loss of more than USD 15 billion.In particular,ExxonMobil,which had long taken first place in the US stock market in terms of market value,was removed from the Dow Jones Indices for the first time in August of last year.The post-epidemic economic recovery just coincided with the critical moment of climate change,during which a total of 127 countries(accounting for 75%of the global GDP and 65%of the global carbon emissions)proposed goals or visions of carbon neutrality.In this context,large international oil companies,represented by European companies,were proactively finding solutions and successively announcing energy transformation initiatives.