Studying functional divergence between different species is key to understanding gene evolution,but it is challenging when comparison of distant phyla or when allelic diversity is limiting.Variations in transcribed sequences have been more considered than polymorphism in cis-regulatory regions,such as promoters.A recent study by the Efroni and Lippman groups tackling cross-species gene functional divergence demonstrates that studying gene regulatory sequences can revolutionize our understanding of gene functions.