目的:探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术(RARC)后的预后风险因素。方法:回顾性分析南京鼓楼医院2014年12月至2018年12月收治的224例行RARC患者的临床和随访资料,男193例,女31例。平均年龄68(36~92)岁。7例(3.1%)接受新辅助化疗。125例(55.8%)美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)评分>2分。平均体质指数23.4(15.4~35.5)kg/m
2。所有患者均行RARC。使用Kaplan-Meier法绘制无复发生存率(RFS)、癌症特异性生存率(CSS)和总生存率(OS)曲线。使用Cox比例风险回归模型评估RARC患者生存结局与围手术期和病理因素的相关性。
结果:本组224例手术,中位手术时间380(160~670)min。中位术中估计失血量为350(100~1 900)ml,72例(32.1%)术中输血。术后T分期分别为≤T
1期82例,T
2期64例,T
3期57例,T
4期21例。淋巴结转移49例(21.9%),手术切缘阳性12例(5.4%),伴淋巴脉管侵犯(LVI)82例(36.6%)。术后辅助化疗41例(18.3%)。中位随访时间24(11~60)个月。5年累积OS、RFS和CSS分别为57.15%、48.84%和59.60%。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示T分期(
HR=5.764,95%
CI 1.926~17.249,
P=0.002;
HR=4.086,95%
CI 1.611~10.364,
P=0.003;
HR=9.391,95%
CI 2.118~41.637,
P=0.003)、N分期(
HR=6.446,95%
CI 3.438~12.087,
P<0.001;
HR=5.661,95%
CI 3.086~10.385,
P<0.001;
HR=5.980,95%
CI 2.982~11.992,
P<0.001)、LVI(
HR=3.319,95%
CI 2.008~5.486,
P<0.001;
HR=2.894,95%
CI 1.782~4.701,
P<0.001;
HR=3.471,95%
CI 2.017~5.974,
P<0.001)、ASA评分(
HR=2.888,95%
CI 1.619~5.150,
P<0.001;
HR=1.765,95%
CI 1.060~2.940,
P=0.029;
HR=2.612,95%
CI 1.424~4.792,
P=0.002)、体质指数(
HR=0.886,95%
CI 0.819~0.957,
P=0.002;
HR=0.885,95%
CI 0.819~0.955,
P=0.002;
HR=0.862,95%
CI 0.792~0.938,
P=0.001)、年龄(
HR=1.580,95%
CI 1.250~1.997,
P<0.001;
HR=1.362,95%
CI 1.088~1.705,
P=0.007;
HR=1.530,95%
CI 1.190~1.968,
P=0.001)和术中输血(
HR=1.899,95%
CI 1.160~3.108,
P=0.011;
HR=2.218,95%
CI 1.371~3.587,
P=0.001;
HR=2.227,95%
CI 1.312~3.782,
P=0.003)是OS、RFS和CSS的显著预测因素。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,T分期(
HR=4.506,95%
CI 1.433~14.175,
P=0.01;
HR=3.159,95%
CI 1.180~8.454,
P=0.022;
HR=7.810,95%
CI 1.674~36.444,
P=0.009),N分期(
HR=6.096,95%
CI 2.981~12.467,
P<0.001;
HR=5.368,95%
CI 2.683~10.740,
P<0.001;
HR=5.539,95%
CI 2.497~12.288,
P<0.001)和ASA评分(
HR=6.180,95%
CI 2.371~16.110,
P<0.001;
HR=2.702,95%
CI 1.175~6.215,
P=0.019;
HR=6.471,95%
CI 2.290~18.286,
P<0.001)分别是OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗(
HR=0.434,95%
CI 0.202~0.930,
P=0.032)是OS的独立预测因素。
结论:T分期、N分期和ASA评分是RARC术后患者OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗是OS的独立预测因素。