On September 20,Shell announced that it would sell all its oil and gas assets in the Permian Basin,the main shale oil producing region in the United States(US),to ConocoPhillips,the world's largest independent exploration and production(E&P)company.This has been the latest case of heating up international oil and gas M&A driven by the continuous rise of international crude oil prices since early this year.Meanwhile,in the context of a global progress in energy transformation—defossiling,the oil and gas industry is facing increasing pressure from investors,public opinions,government regulation and even the legal environment,of which the impact on international oil and gas M&A is becoming increasingly prominent.In the future,during the progress of achieving carbon neutrality by the middle of 21st century,it is worth pondering what development trend international oil and gas M&A will show.