The concept of a mononuclear phagocyte system in which tissue-resident macrophages arise from the circulating monocytes has been dogma in immunology for more than half a century[1].While monocytes do give rise to macrophages under certain conditions,recent studies clearly demonstrate that monocytes do not primarily contribute to most adult tissue-resident macrophage pools under the steady state[2].Instead,the majority of adult tissue-resident macrophages are derived from erythro-myeloid progenitors(EMPs)in the yolk sac that seed tissue before birth[2].