Luminescence nanothermometry makes non-invasive and real-time temperature readings possible in living animals.However,the spectral fluctuation in tissues and fluids,as well as the interaction between fluorophores and environment hinders accuracy of the thermometry.Here,we report a luminescence lifetime-based nanothermometry which specifically addresses this problem.A temporal based calibration (lifetime sensing) in the NIR range,an endogenous thermal response as well as a polymer en-capsulation evading environmental factors,altogether help to pinpoint temperature in vivo.Thanks to the highly condensed Nd-Yb ions in a well-protected tiny core-shell nanocrystal (overall 11 nm),a temperature sensitivity about 2.07% K-1 (with 5% Yb3+doped nanoparticles) and an accuracy of 0.27 K (with 25% Yb3+ doped nanoparticles) in biological fluids are achieved.Hopefully,combining thermally activated energy transfer nanothermometer with anti-interference lifetime thermometry would provide a more accurate temperature measurement for biological and preclinical studies.