In this issue,the publication of Xiu et al.[1] provides novel and important information on the incidence and outcomes of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) nation-wide in China.The study analyzed information from 2,976 cases of ADEM that occurred over a 3-year period,and confirms ADEM is much less common than diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.