One dimensional (1D) nanostructures attract considerable attention,enabling a broad application owing to their unique properties.However,the precise mechanism of 1D morphology attainment remains a matter of debate.In this study,ultrafast picosecond (ps)laser-induced treatment on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is offered as a tool for 1D-nanostructures formation.Fragmentation,reshaping through recrystallization process and bioadaptation of initially hydrophobic (β-Na1.5Y1.5F6∶ Yb3+,Tm3+/β-Na1.5Y1.5F6)core/shell nanoparticles by means of one-step laser treatment in water are demonstrated."True" 1D nanostructures through"Medusa"-Iike structures can be obtained,maintaining anti-Stokes luminescence functionalities.A matter of the one-dimensional UCNPs based on direction of energy migration processes is debated.The proposed laser treatment approach is suitable for fast UCNP surface modification and nano-to-nano transformation,that open unique opportunities to expand UCNP applications in industry and biomedicine.