Precise Modulation Strategies for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation:Advances and Future Directions

• 作者: Gangliang Zhong Zhengyi Yang Tianzi Jiang
• 来源期刊: 神经科学通报（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2021,（12）
• 所属期刊栏目: Reviews
• 页码范围: 1718-1734
• 页数: 17页
• 语种: 英文

摘要

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular modulatory technique for the noninvasive diagno-sis and therapy of neurological and psychiatric diseases.Unfortunately,current modulation strategies are only modestly effective.The literature provides strong evidence that the modulatory effects of TMS vary depending on device components and stimulation protocols.These dif-ferential effects are important when designing precise modulatory strategies for clinical or research applications.Developments in TMS have been accompanied by advances in combining TMS with neuroimaging tech-niques,including electroencephalography,functional near-infrared spectroscopy,functional magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography.Such studies appear particularly promising as they may not only allow us to probe affected brain areas during TMS but also seem to predict underlying research directions that may enable us to precisely target and remodel impaired cortices or circuits.However,few precise modulation strategies are available,and the long-term safety and efficacy of these strategies need to be confirmed.Here,we review the literature on possible technologies for precise modulation to highlight progress along with limitations with the goal of suggesting future directions for this field.