The prevalence and lethality of chronic non-communicable diseases are constantly rising,becoming a global public health problem. The occurrence and development of chronic diseases are closely related to the generation of excessive free radicals and active oxygen in the body,and anti-oxidation will become an effective treatment. Sestrin2 protein, as a new stress protein found in mammals in recent years, has unique advantages in antioxidants, and is expected to become an effective biomarker and therapeutic target for chronic diseases. The following is a review of the regulatory role and mechanism of sestrin2 in chronic diseases in order to provide a reference for the research of other scholars.