Developing highly active,cost-effective,and environmental friendly oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts facilitates various(photo)electrochemical processes.In this work,Fe3N nanoparticles encapsulated into N-doped graphene nanoshells(Fe3N@NG)as OER electrocatalysts in alkaline media were reported.Both the experimental and theoretical comparison between Fe3N@NG and Fe3N/NG,specifically including in situ Mossbauer analyses,demonstrated that the NG nanoshells improved inter-facial electron transfer process from Fe3N to NG to form high-valence Fe4+ions(Fe4+@NG),thus modifying electronic properties of the outer NG shells and subsequently electron transfer from oxygen intermediate to NG nanoshells for OER catalytic process.Meanwhile,the NG nanoshells also protected Fe-based cores from forming OER inactive and insulated Fe2O3,leading to high OER stability.As a result,the as-formed Fe4+@NG shows one of the highest electrocatalytic efficiency among reported Fe-based OER electrocata-lysts,which can as well highly improve the photoelectrochemical water oxidation when used as the co-catalysts for the Fe2O3 nanoarray photoanode.