A series of YNbO4∶Bi3+ and YNbO4∶Bi3+/Er3+ phosphors were prepared by a conventional high temper-ature solid-state reaction method.The results of XRD and Rietveld refinement confirm that monoclinic phase YNbO4 samples are achieved.The down-/up-conversion luminescence of Er3+ ions was investi-gated under the excitation of ultraviolet light (327 nm) and near infrared light (980 nm).Under 327 nm excitation,broad visible emission band from Bi3+ ions and characteristic green emission peaks from Er3+ions are simultaneously observed,while only strong green emissions from Er3+ ions are detected upon excitation of 980 nm.Remarkable emission enhancement is observed in down-/up-conversion lumi-nescence processes by introducing Bi3+ ions into Er3+-doped YNbO4 phosphors.Pumped current versus up-conversion emission intensity study shows that two-photon processes are responsible for both the green and the red up-conversion emissions of Er3+ ion.Through the study of the temperature sensing property of Er3+ ion,it is affirmed that the temperature sensitivity is sensitive to the doping concen-tration of Bi3+ ions.By comparing the experimental values of the radiative transition rate ratio of the two green emission levels of Er3+ ions and the theoretical values calculated by Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory,it is concluded that the temperature sensing property of Er3+ ions is greatly affected by the energy level splitting.