Fate and toxicity of nanoparticles in aquatic systems

• 作者: OA Shikha Singh Sheo Mohan Prasad Gausiya Bashri .Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Botany University of Allahabad .Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University
• 来源期刊: 地球化学学报(英文）
• 学科: 地球科学
• 年，卷（期）: 2025,（1）
• 页码范围: 63-76
• 页数: 14页
• 语种: 中文

摘要

Nanotechnology is a ground-breaking multidisciplinary fi eld across a broad spectrum of basic and applied sciences for producing and applying nano-sized materials for innovative solutions. The use of nanomaterials in industrial applications, medical products, and consumers has increased repeatedly over the last few years, and these applications will likely continue to grow. In an aquatic ecosystem, nanoparticles take entry through a direct route that includes industrial discharge, disposal of wastewater treatment e ffl uents, and indirect runof f from the soil. After reaching the aquatic environment, the nanomaterials are highly af fected by their backdrops and subsequently go through various conversions like agglomeration, aggregation, dissolution, sulfi dation, etc. The fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the aquatic system not only depend on their physical-chemical properties but also on the pH,temperature, salinity, water hardness, and concentration of natural organic matter present in receiving water. In this review, emphasis has been given to the toxicological properties and potential risks of nanomaterials in terms of factors contributing to their toxicology, bioavailability, and accumulation in aquatic organisms as well as the environment. Furthermore, we summarize the published data on engineered nanoparticles' ef fect on aquatic organisms. The issues related to the accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles in the aquatic organism, their toxic ef fect, and biotransformation along with the food web are also discussed. Since nanomaterials are being increasingly released into aquatic bodies, it is important to pay greater attention to their toxicity and how it af fects the aquatic ecosystem. The nanomaterials are bioavailable to plants,resulting in trophic transfer, and they impact other organisms through biomagnifi cation, as discussed in this review.To close the enormous information gap, extensive research on the interactions and impacts of NPs on dif ferent species belonging to dif ferent trophic levels of the aquatic environment and the destiny of NPs along the food chain of the ecosystem is urgently needed.