In this paper, we present the research on an optical electron polarimeter, which is used to determine the polarizationof an incident electron beam by measuring the relative Stokes paraneters of the fluorescence emitted from the He gasfollowing the impact excitation with the electron beam. The fundamental theory of the optical electron polarimeter isdiscussed with the 33p→23S transition of He. The structure and performance of the instrument are described, whichare different in some aspects from previous works.The arrangement of the experiment for measuring the relativeStokes parameters of linearly polarized weak light is also investigated, which actually involves the same processes as thepolarization measurement with the incident electron beam. The results obtained are in agreement with the theoreticalprediction.