Objectives To investigate the role of signal protein SMADs in rat cardiac hypertrophy.Methods The rat models of cardiac hypertrophy were produced by constriction of the abdominal aorta. The left vertricular mass index (LVMI) was investigated.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA (TGF-β1) and Smad 2,3,7 mRNA were assessed by RT-PCR. Reslutes The LVMI and the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad 2,3,7mRNA in hypertrophic left ventricule were increased on day 3 after the operation and continued to 4th weeks. The peak expression of TGF-β1 and Smad 2,3 mRNA were in 2 weeks after operation. The expression of Smad 7 was increased in 3day after operation, but the peak was in 1 week after operation, then decreased. Conclusions The TGF-31and signal protein Smad 2,3,7 were included in the progress of rat cardiac hypertrophy produced by constriction of abdominal aorta.