Objective To determine the ability of trans-anethole to kill Helicobacter pylori(H, pylori) in vitro and the ability to eradicate H. pylori from infected mice. Materials and methods The suscepti bility of H. pyloriATCC11637 to trans-anethole was assessed by broth dilution determination. BALB/c mice were inoculated intragastrically with either a suspension of H. pylori B3 or special broth alone after pretreatment with ethanol and antibiotics. The infection status of H. pylori was confirmed before treatment. Then, mice were administered with either 10mg trans-anethole, 5rag trans-anethole,3mg metronidazole or 200μl salad oil every day for 14 days .Mice were sacrificed either in the 7th day ,15th day or 30 days after the completion of treatment, and the presence of H. pylori in their stomachs were detected via culture or PCR method. Results The MIC and MBC of trans-anethole against H.pylori ATCC 11637 were 39 μg/ml and 78 μg/ml, respectively. On condition of treatment of 10mg trans-anethole, 5mg trans-anethole or 3rag metronidazole, there was a significant reduction in H. pylori infection. Conclusion trans-anethole has good in vitro activity against H. pylori. It can eradicate H. pylori infection from mice.