The Silk Road-the route that extends more than 5000 miles through land and sea-served as a critical pathway for commercial and intellectual exchange between China and the rest of Asia, the Mediterranean, and Africa. Those who trod the old Silk Road included merchants and scholars who brought commercial goods, ideology, knowledge, and technology to countries along the path, contributing to the development of the great civilizations, including China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, the Indian subcontinent, and Rome. Open exchange and collaboration brought prosperity to all parties involved and,indeed, China's most prosperous Tang dynasty benefited greatly from the exchange through the Silk Road.