Our previous work showed that an enoyl-ACP reductase gene fabI1 of Sinorhizobium meliloti was down-regulated in the nifA mutant nodule bacteria. To gain a better understanding offabI1 gene, a single site insertion mutant was constructed in this study. The fabI1 mutant was retarded in cell growth, and its ability to grow on media with high concentration of NaCl was reduced. In addition, the mutant was completely defective in swarming phenotype. During symbiosis, thefabI1 mutant had delayed nodule formation on host plants. Despite the fact that FabI1 protein showed 66%identity with another enoyl-ACP reductase FabI2 in S. meliloti, defects infabI1 were not rescued by the plasmidborne version offabI2. This indicated the different functions of the two FabI proteins in S. meliloti.