In most cells and under most conditions,mitochondria produce the majority of the readily available energy (in the form of ATP) to sustain a myriad of biochemical processes necessary for the survival and proper function of the cell.Excitable cells,such as neurons and muscle cells,require very high amounts of ATP to maintain and restore the ion gradients across membranes as they experience frequent bouts of depolarization-induced Na+ and Ca2* influx [ 1 ].