In mice treated with antibiotics to deplete commensal microbiota,there is a significant overhaul of host cellular disposition and function with CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytic cells carrying pathogenic and nonpathogenic administered bacteria to the (messenteric lymph node) MLN,resulting in T cell stimulation and IgA production.
Intestinal homeostasis in the gut mucosa is a critical process in deciding the fate of immune stimuli,which lead to either pro-inflammatory or antiinflammatory immune responses.The ultimate decision on the direction of the immune response is determined to a great extent by subsets of intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) bearing chemokine receptor CX3CR 1 or CD 103 molecules [1].Luminal antigens have been shown to be sampled by the CX3CR1+ DCs in the lamina propria of the mammalian gut via formation of transepithelial dendrites [2].