Rural panel surveys are the most appropriate source of data for studying the unprecedented rapid migration and urbanization currendy taking place in China and other developing countries.This paper provides a selective review,focusing on the panel survey methodologies of several studies,which are organized based on our proposed four key elements of panel surveys:representativeness,retrospect-prospect,multilevel tracking,and temporality.To maximize heterogeneity in urbanization and development over the last three decades,we select rural panel surveys from five Asian countries:India,Indonesia,Nepal,Thailand,and China.We analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the selected panel surveys to provide directions for designing future rural panel surveys in China and elsewhere in the developing world.