Epigenetic regulation of stemness maintenance in theneurogenic niches

• 作者: Raquel Montalb #x000e1 n-Loro, Ana Domingo-Muelas, Alexandra Bizy, and Sacri R Ferr #x000f3 n
• 来源期刊: 世界干细胞杂志：英文版（电子版）
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: NEUROGENESIS NEURAL stem cell EPIGENETICS Gene expression regulation CHROMATIN modifications DNA METHYLATION
• 年，卷（期）: 2015,（4）
• 页码范围: 700-710
• 页数: 11页
• 分类号: R

摘要

In the adult mouse brain, the subventricular zonelining the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zonein the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are twozones that contain neural stem cells （NSCs） withthe capacity to give rise to neurons and glia duringthe entire life of the animal. Spatial and temporalregulation of gene expression in the NSCs populationis established and maintained by the coordinatedinteraction between transcription factors and epigeneticregulators which control stem cell fate. Epigenetic mechanismsare heritable alterations in genome functionthat do not involve changes in DNA sequence itself butthat modulate gene expression, acting as mediatorsbetween the environment and the genome. At themolecular level, those epigenetic mechanisms comprisechemical modifications of DNA such as methylation,hydroxymethylation and histone modifications neededfor the maintenance of NSC identity. Genomic imprintingis another normal epigenetic process leading to parentalspecificexpression of a gene, known to be implicatedin the control of gene dosage in the neurogenic niches.The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells fromNSCs by expression of defined transcription factors,provide key insights into fundamental principles ofstem cell biology. Epigenetic modifications can alsooccur during reprogramming of NSCs to pluripotencyand a better understanding of this process will helpto elucidate the mechanisms required for stem cellmaintenance. This review takes advantage of recentstudies from the epigenetic field to report knowledgeregarding the mechanisms of stemness maintenance ofneural stem cells in the neurogenic niches.