Bile acids have been traditionally viewed as detergent molecules involved in the solubilization and absorption of lipids and lipidsoluble vitamins from the intestines.However, as a result of intensive research over the past two decades, bile acids are now viewed as endocrine signaling molecules that activate specific nuclear receptors and G-protein coupled receptors regulating nutrient metabolism in the liver and intestines.The year 2015 marks the 20-year anniversary of the cloning and discovery offarnesoid X receptor (NR4H1;FXR).