Ⅰ.Introduction
The excited states of the nucleon have been studied in a large number of formation and production experiments.The Breit-Wigner masses and widths,the pole positions,and the elasticities of the N and △ resonances in the Baryon Summary Table come largely from partial-wave analyses of πN total,elastic,and chargc-exchange scattering data.The most comprehensive analyses were carried out by the Karlsruhe-Helsinki (KH80) [1],Carnegie Mellon-Berkeley (CMB80) [2],and George Washington U (GWU) [3] groups.Partial-wave analyses have also been performed on much smaller πN reaction data sets to get ηN,K∧,and KΣ branching fractions (see the Listings for references).Other branching fractions come from analyses of πN → ππN data.