Ecological interactions are of paramount importance for the functioning and health of ecosystems.Phytophagous insects are part of complex ecological networks involving abiotic factors,host plants,natural enemies,and beneficial organisms (McLean et al.,2016).Insects and plants are also associated durably or transitorily with a wealth of microbes including pathogens,commensals and beneficial partners from a vast array of microbial taxa (Sugio et al.,2015).In recent years,evidence has accumulated that microbes directly or indirectly influence plant-insect interactions at individual,population and community levels.Continuous discoveries on the diversity and roles of plant and insect-associated microbial communities are stimulating the development of new pest control strategies such as those based on microbe-mediated enhanced plant defenses (e.g.,Gonzalez et al.,2016) or disruption of insect-symbiont interactions (e.g.,Berasategui et al.,2016).