AIM:To assess the expression of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) in rat retina after optic nerve transection.METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into normal control group,sham group and operation group,and used for establishing an animal model of optic nerve transection.Retinal specimen of each group was collected at 3,48 h,7 and 14 d postoperative.Nestin and GFAP expressions on sagittal sections were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining,and protein extraction was analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS:Immunohistochemical analysis showed that nestin positive staining was rarely detected in normal control group and sham group,while sham group showed weak positive staining at 3 h postoperative,the reaction gradually increased at 48 h postoperative,and reached its maximum at 7 d postoperative,and then decreased at 14 d postoperative.Compared to the expression of GFAP,there was not statistically significant obvious difference among three groups(P>0.05).Result of Western blot method was consistent with that of immunohistochemical method.CONCLUSION:The expression of nestin increased in a time dependent fashion in Müller cells of retina following optic nerve transection,which was statistically significant,but there was no obvious difference in GFAP expression.The results indicate that an increase in colloid synthesis in retina following optic nerve transection can improve the retinal neurons' environment.