CLINICAL DATA A 29-year-old Chinese male patient was admitted to our hospital in June 2016 with a diagnosis of traumatic internal carotid cavernous fistula and cranioplasty postoperative infection, suffering from right eye proptosis and scalp infection for one and one-half years. This patient sustained a traumatic brain injury after a motorcycle accident three years earlier, initially diagnosed as “bilateral frontal lobe contusion with hematoma and extensive anterior skull fracture” at a local hospital. Cranial hematoma removal and decompressive craniectomy were performed immediately, with a cranioplasty three months later. One and one-half years ago, a local hospital diagnosed, but did not treat, a carotid cavernous fistula based on a protrusion in the right eye and a pulsatile uplift in the upper part of the right eye socket. Over the past year, these symptoms gradually worsened, but the blurring of the right eye was similar to that after surgery.