Non-equilibrium and stochasticity influence the activation process of the yeast DNA damage pathway

• 来源期刊: 中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2018,（2）
• 页码范围: 76-79
• 页数: 4页
• 语种: 英文

摘要

Living cells are open systems that exist far away from a state of thermodynamical equilibrium.They utilize the high-grade chemical energy provided by food to produce ATP and release ADP and Pi together with heat dissipation.Living cells exist in a non-equilibrium steady state (NESS),they replicate themselves and respond to various environmental changes via signal transduction pathways.Because the majority of cells exist at room temperature,the stochasticity of chemical reactions in the cells is unavoidable.Recent research into fluorescent proteins and microscopy techniques have enabled us to observe the dynamic process of mRNA and proteins in single living bacterial cells [1],and these have resulted in new insights into regulation mechanisms in molecular biology,i.e.,in cellular signal transduction pathways.