Geothermal, Oceanic, Wildfire, Meteorological and Anthropogenic Impacts on PM<sub>2.5</sub>Concentrations in the Fairbanks Metropolitan Area

• 作者: Gerhard Kramm Gilberto Javier Fochesatto Nicole M?lders Stanley Gene Edwin
• 来源期刊: 大气污染开放期刊(英文)
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: Fairbanks PM2.5 Problem Low Frequency Variability in PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS Emissions Impacts on PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS PM2.5 Speciation H2S from Hot SPRINGS
• 年，卷（期）: 2019,（2）
• 页码范围: 19-68
• 页数: 50页
• 分类号: R73

摘要

The impacts of low and high-frequency variability from teleconnections between large scale atmospheric processes and local weather as well as emissions changes on concentrations of particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less in diameter ([PM2.5]) were examined for the Fairbanks Metropolitan Area (FMA). October to March and May to August mean [PM2.5] were 1.8 and 3.1 μg·m-3 higher for positive than negative annual mean Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Annual mean [PM2.5] were 3.8 μg·m-3 lower for positive than negative Southern Oscillation Index. On 1999-2018 average, [PM2.5] decreased 2.9 μg·m-3·decade-1. On average over October to March, decadal and inter-annual variability caused higher or similar differences in mean observed [PM2.5] and its species than emission-control measures. The 2006 implementation of Tier 2 for new vehicles decreased observed sulfate concentrations the strongest (~4.95 μg·m-3·decade-1) of all occurred emissions changes. On average, observed [PM2.5] showed elevated values at all sites when wind blew from directions of hot springs. The same was found for the sulfate, ammonium and non-metal components of PM2.5. Observations showed that these geothermal waters contain sulfate, ammonia, boric acid and non-metals. Hot springs of such composition are known to emit hydrogen sulfide and ammonia that can serve as precursors for ammonium and sulfate aerosols.