Last decade update for three-finger toxins:Newly emerging structures and biological activities

• 作者: Yuri N Utkin
• 来源期刊: 世界生物化学杂志:英文版(电子版)
• 学科: 生物学
• 关键词: Three-finger TOXINS SNAKE VENOM Structure BIOLOGICAL activity
• 年，卷（期）: 2019,（1）
• 页码范围: 17-27
• 页数: 11页
• 分类号: Q

摘要

Three-finger toxins(TFTs)comprise one of largest families of snake venom toxins.While they are principal to and the most toxic components of the venoms of the Elapidae snake family,their presence has also been detected in the venoms of snakes from other families.The first TFT,α-bungarotoxin,was discovered almost 50 years ago and has since been used widely as a specific marker of theα7 and muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.To date,the number of TFT amino acid sequences deposited in the UniProt Knowledgebase free-access database is more than 700,and new members are being added constantly.Although structural variations among the TFTs are not numerous,several new structures have been discovered recently;these include the disulfide-bound dimers of TFTs and toxins with nonstandard pairing of disulfide bonds.New types of biological activities have also been demonstrated for the well-known TFTs,and research on this topic has become a hot topic of TFT studies.The classic TFTsα-bungarotoxin andα-cobratoxin,for example,have now been shown to inhibit ionotropic receptors ofγ-aminobutyric acid,and some muscarinic toxins have been shown to interact with adrenoceptors.New,unexpected activities have been demonstrated for some TFTs as well,such as toxin interaction with interleukin or insulin receptors and even TFT-activated motility of sperm.This minireview provides a summarization of the data that has emerged in the last decade on the TFTs and their activities.