Tao Xingzhi,a famous educator in China,put forward and implemented the“little teacher system”.Children became students and teachers at the same time,which had a profound impact at that time.Decades later,in the context of teaching reform,the“little teacher system”can still play a role in primary education.Based on the analysis of the origin and application of the thought of“little teacher system”,this paper explores the significance of this application of the educational theory in the current primary school teaching,the conceivable role,and the reasonable application forms and strategies.