Type 1 diabetes mellitus and its oral tolerance therapy

• 作者: Ji Zhang Rui-Feng Mao Xin Chang Ye-Fu Wang Ying-Ying Chen
• 来源期刊: 世界糖尿病杂志:英文版(电子版)
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: Type 1 diabetes mellitus IMMUNOTHERAPY Oral tolerance Regulatory T cells Antigen-specific immunotherapy
• 年，卷（期）: 2020,（10）
• 页码范围: 400-415
• 页数: 16页
• 分类号: R58

摘要

As a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease,type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is marked by insulin defect resulting from the destruction of pancreaticβ-cells.The understanding of various aspects of T1DM,such as its epidemiology,pathobiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,and complications,has been greatly promoted by valuable research performed during the past decades.However,these findings have not been translated into an effective treatment.The ideal treatment should safely repair the destroyed immune balance in a longlasting manner,preventing or stopping the destruction ofβ-cells.As a type of immune hypo-responsiveness to the orally administrated antigen,oral tolerance may be induced by enhancement of regulatory T cells(Tregs)or by anergy/deletion of T cells,depending on the dosage of orally administrated antigen.Acting as an antigen-specific immunotherapy,oral tolerance therapy for T1DM has been mainly performed using animal models and some clinical trials have been completed or are still ongoing.Based on the review of the proposed mechanism of the development of T1DM and oral tolerance,we give a current overview of oral tolerance therapy for T1DM conducted in both animal models and clinical trials.